The bottom end of the wire rope falls is connected to the winch drum and the falls are led through which component (pulley wheels) to the davit arms and blocks?

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The rope-guiding wheels inside a block and along the rigging are called sheaves. They are the grooved pulleys that the rope runs through as it moves from the winch drum toward the davit arms and blocks. The grooves in each sheave keep the rope seated and directed correctly, allowing it to change direction and pass smoothly through the system with minimal friction. While “pulleys” is a general term for the wheel in a pulley setup, the specific term used here is “sheave.” Bearings are the supporting surfaces that let the wheel rotate, not the guiding components, and “sheathes” isn’t the correct term in this context.